When Must a Therapist File a Report? (2024)

Not everything you share with a therapist can be kept confidential.

What an individual tells his or her therapist is confidential; however, there are limitations to the confidentiality between a therapist and a client. Laws in all 50 states require a therapist to contact authorities if a patient is a danger to themselves, to others, and/or if the therapist suspects that a known child is being abused. These reporting laws, as they are applied in your state, are explained to all adults and to guardians of children who seek professional counseling for any reason. Understanding this limitation to confidentiality is important, and applies to anyone seeking medical care or mental health services.

Therapists need specific information in order to contact authorities.

Most of the time professionals need specific information about a particular child who is at risk or who has been already harmed along with information about who is being abusive in order to take the step of filing a report. In most situations the “victim” must be clearly identified. For example “I’m concerned about my child’s sexual behaviors towards other kids,” or “I’m having disturbing thoughts about being sexual with a child” are not statements that would typically trigger a report. However if someone says “My 16-yr-old son told me that he touched my sister’s 5-yr-old daughter” or “I have touched my son in sexual ways” or “My daughter disclosed to me that her grandfather has been playing sexual games with her” then a therapist may have enough information to file a report.

Each state is a little different. Be informed.

There are slight variations state to state regarding when mental health professionals must file. Please ask your therapist about their policies and review the statutes for mandated reporters in your state so that you can be informed. In addition, the therapist may not be required to inform a client or their family that a report is being made. You can ask ahead of time about how this would be handled should the therapist consider filing.

If therapists or clients have questions about under what circ*mstances reports are mandated, contacting the licensing organization for that professional is a good place to start. For example, in some states confidentiality is only broken if abuse is occurring within the family. Understanding these mandates in your state allows you to make informed decisions about your interactions with a therapist and not be caught off-guard by these laws.

Consent forms are signed before therapy begins.

Before beginning therapy, clients or guardians (if the client is a minor) should be asked to read and sign a consent form that explains the circ*mstances under which your therapist must break confidentiality. If the client is a minor then the information should be clearly explained to the parent or guardian. If at any time you have questions about what is confidential and what is not, try not to be intimidated, and please be sure to get your questions answered.

When Must a Therapist File a Report? (2024)

FAQs

When Must a Therapist File a Report? ›

Similarly, a therapist is required by law to report to the police if they know their client has physically or sexually abused or endangered a child in Atlantic City or the surrounding area in New Jersey.

Do therapists have to tell you if they report something? ›

In addition, the therapist may not be required to inform a client or their family that a report is being made. You can ask ahead of time about how this would be handled should the therapist consider filing.

When might a therapist be required to violate confidentiality? ›

When to Break Confidentiality. There are a few situations that may require a therapist to break confidentiality: If the client may be an immediate danger to themself or another. If the client is endangering another who cannot protect themself, as in the case of a child, a person with a disability, or elder abuse.

Does a therapist have to report past abuse in Texas? ›

Texas law requires that anyone with knowledge or suspected child abuse/neglect report it to authorities. This mandatory reporting applies to all individuals and is not limited to teachers or health care professionals.

What must a therapist report in California? ›

In fact, under California law therapists are required to warn the intended victim or police if they reasonably believe that their patient is about to harm someone else.

What happens when a therapist reports something? ›

Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege in California

Even if the therapist must report information to the police, it may still be illegal to use that evidence in court. You have the right to have certain evidence blocked from coming in as testimony against you in court, which may help block criminal charges altogether.

What happens when a therapist files a report? ›

The local authorities will then evaluate whether or not they will choose to investigate the situation. If they do decide to investigate, typically CPS (or another agency representative) will make a visit to the home or school and interview the alleged victim or family members.

What are the three exceptions to confidentiality in counseling? ›

Mandatory Exceptions To Confidentiality

They include reporting child, elder and dependent adult abuse, and the so-called "duty to protect." However, there are other, lesserknown exceptions also required by law.

What are the three reasons a therapist may be required to break client confidentiality? ›

The following situations typically legally obligate therapists to break confidentiality and seek outside assistance: Detailed planning of future suicide attempts. Other concrete signs of suicidal intent. Planned violence towards others.

What would make a therapist break confidentiality? ›

When there is an indication of abuse of a child, dependent adult or elderly adult. If you become gravely disabled. If information is required by a court subpoena or court order.

What is the mandatory reporting requirement in Texas? ›

Current law requires that professionals such as teach- ers, doctors, nurses or child daycare workers must make a verbal report within 48 hours. Failure to report suspected child abuse or neglect is a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment of up to 180 days and/or a fine of up to $2,000 (Texas Family Code, Chapter 261).

Can therapists talk about their clients anonymously? ›

However, therapists err on the side of caution and reveal only as much information as they need to during supervision. They are also careful to conceal any identifying details about their clients (such as their name, age, or profession) so that supervision can still be helpful without breaking confidentiality.

When can a therapist break confidentiality in Texas? ›

Suspicion of abuse of children, the elderly, or persons with a disability, in which case staff contact the Texas Department of Family Services. Sexual exploitation of therapy clients by therapists, in which case staff contact the District Attorney in the Texas county where the exploitation took place. Court subpoena.

What do therapists have to report in Minnesota? ›

A therapist must file a complaint with the board when the therapist has reason to believe that another therapist is or has been engaged in conduct which violates this part according to Minnesota Statutes, section 148B.

What is a Tarasoff warning? ›

A Tarasoff Notification is a notification received by law enforcement from a licensed psychotherapist concerning an individual who, “presents a serious danger of violence against a reasonably foreseeable victim or victims.” In these situations, California law prevents an individual who has made these threats from ...

Can a therapist report a past crime California? ›

It depends on the “crime,” the time the crime occurred, the licensure level of the therapist, and the place that the disclosure occurs. In the absolute end: All healthcare professionals are mandatory reporters of child/elder physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. This isn't open to debate or interpretation.

Can a therapist tell the police if you did something illegal? ›

Anything and everything you say in therapy is protected by law, and a court order is required to allow the therapist to break that confidentiality. Even then, judges are very reluctant to issue such an order. That said, there are a few circ*mstances in which confidentiality can be broken.

Is it illegal and unethical for a therapist to disclose confidential? ›

It is illegal and unethical for a therapist to disclose confidential information when: An employer requests disclosure to determine the mental status of an employee without consent.

What happens if a therapist breaks confidentiality? ›

If a psychologist, psychiatrist, or other therapist reveals private information, they could face consequences from their licensing board. They might also be sued for therapeutic or medical malpractice.

Is illegal and unethical for a therapist to disclose confidential information? ›

2.1 DISCLOSURES OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION: Marriage and family therapists do not disclose client/patient confidences, (including the names or identities of their clients/patients), to anyone except as mandated by law, as permitted by law, when the marriage and family therapist is a defendant in a civil, criminal, or ...

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